No validated transfer-volume observations for REUR in this period.
Gross peer-to-peer token movements across covered deployments. Missing dates are not treated as zero. View JSON
Mint vs burn · issuance flow
Minted30D
—
gross issuance
Burned30D
—
gross redemptions
Net issuanceEUR
—
0 observed days
No mint/burn observations for REUR in this period.
Daily gross issuance and redemptions across covered deployments. View JSON
Recent activity · daily mint + burn · last 30d
Date · UTC
Mint
Burn
Net
Mint tx
Burn tx
Source
No mint/burn history available for REUR in the last 30 days.
Excluded from aggregate market supply. Unregulated non-EU euro token (not a MiCA EMT). Raw on-chain issuance is ~5B, uncapped and mintable by a single wallet, with ~99.7% held as a single-wallet pre-mint on each chain, no market liquidity and no independently verified reserves — so no defensible circulating figure exists and it is excluded from the headline aggregate. Displayed supply is left null rather than presenting raw pre-mint totalSupply as circulating.
Key facts · REUR
Issuer
Royal (RIB Digital) (The RIB Digital Holdings Limited)
Jurisdiction
Hong Kong
MiCA Status
Not a MiCA e-money token; not on the ESMA/EBA EMT register; Hong Kong issuer with no evidenced EU authorisation
Backing
Issuer states 1:1 real-value backing by 'high-quality liquid reserves' (cash in segregated accounts and cash-equivalents). No independent third-party reserve attestation was located; the linked 'proof of reserves' has no methodology/figures and the CertiK document is a smart-contract audit, not a reserve attestation. Backing is issuer-stated and unverified.
Auditor
Not publicly confirmed (contract audit only, no reserve attestation)